The relationship between the consumption of traditional Turkish brewing style coffee and other brewing style coffee and HbA1c levels in patients with type 2 diabetes
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2024.4.11Keywords:
blood glucose, coffee, diabetes mellitus, fasting glucose level, glycated hemoglobin A, physical activityAbstract
Introduction and aim. To investigate the relationship between the consumption of traditional Turkish brewing style coffee and other brewing style coffee and hemoglobin A1c:glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels in patients with type-2 diabetes mellitus.
Material and methods. One hundred fifty patients were included in the study. The research sample was obtained from a family health center that called İzmir Karşıyaka 16 -Family Health Center in İzmir-Türkiye. Sociodemographic characteristics, medications, diet, nutritional status, self-reported health status, and consumption of Turkish and other coffee consumption style and other beverages of the patients were recorded. HbA1c, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), triglyceride, total cholesterol, and fasting plasma glucose levels in the previous year were obtained from medical records. All patients had their HbA1c readings taken on quarterly basis. In addition, routine blood tests, including HbA1c measurements, were conducted every six months as part of the regular follow up at the family health center. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) was used to evaluate the daily physical activities of the patients.
Results. The median HbA1c value of the group taking oral antidiabetic drugs was significantly lower than the median HbA1c value of the group using insulin (p=0.012). There was no significant difference in HbA1c levels regarding missing a meal, drinking coffee (sugar-free or not), and physical activity (p>0.05). Correlation analysis showed a significant weak relationship between the amount of Turkish coffee consumption per week and fasting blood glucose level (p=0.041, r=-0.088). There was a negative weak and significant relationship (p<0.05) between HbA1c levels and the amount of Turkish coffee consumption per week (p=0.014). In the exponential regression model, coffee consumption per week explained the HbA1c level in proportion to 2.9% (F=4.386; p=0.038).
Conclusion. Consumption of Turkish coffee was inversely correlated with fasting glucose and HbA1c levels. Future studies are needed to determine the effect of coffee in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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