Assessment of Balance and Motor Coordination in Children with Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis
Keywords:
autoimmune disease, arthritis, impaired balance, impaired coordinationAbstract
Background: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) is the most common chronic arthropathy of developmental age. According to the criteria of the International League Against Rheumatism, JIA is arthritis with the onset before the age of 16 and lasting at least 6 weeks.
Aim: The aim of the study was to assess balance and motor coordination of children with juvenile idiopathic arthritis.
Material and Methods: The study was conducted on a group of 68 people. The test group consisted of 34 patients treated at the inpatient rehabilitation unit in the Regional Education and Treatment Centre for Children and Youth (Regionalny Ośrodek Rehabilitacyjno- Edukacyjny dla Dzieci i Młodzieży) in Rzeszów, whereas the control group included 34 children from the School Complex in Niechobrz. Chosen tests from Fullerton Advanced Balance Scale (9 tests), slow coordiction test, step test, Visual Analog Scale (VAS) and a questionnaire containing some questions prepared by the authors’ were used in the study. The results were statistically analyzed using Student’s t-test and Mann Whitney p-U test.
Results: In the test group 24 children suffered from oligoarthritis and 10 from polyarticular arthritis. T-test analysis revealed that children with JIA had lower average in 7 tests in Fullerton test as well as in the tests evaluating rapid and slow coordination in comparison to healthy children. Patients with polyarticular arthritis obtained much worse results in Fullerton and coordination tests. When two or more joints in the lower limb were affected, it resulted in problems with performing turn round, tandem gait, standing on one leg with eyes closed and step test. Pain above 4 in VAS caused worse performance of the subjects in Fullerton and coordination tests than in case of children who rated their pain 3 or less.
Conclusions: Juvenile idiopathic arthritis affected the balance and motor coordination of children. The deterioration of balance and motor coordination in children with JIA was influenced in a statistically significant way by the type of disease, the number of joints affected and pain perception.
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