Disability in Ancient Times

Abstract

Over the centuries, perceptions towards disability varied significantly. In ancient times, and even before, there were different approaches to illness and disability. Civilizations sought to create a healthy society that was possible, according to contemporary societies, only by elimination. In ancient times, in the period from 2500 BC to 476 AD, disability was seen as a result of a curse or punishment from gods for sinning. In Ancient Greece, abandonment of newborns or killing babies was even often required by the state. Philosophers, such as Plato and Aristotle, held a view that people with disabilities should be excluded from the society. Also the Romans believed that the birth of a child with birth defects presaged impending disaster. Adults with disabilities often experienced verbal attacks, such as taunts or name calling. First attempts to treat disability date back to early Christian times, although illness and disability were regarded as punishment for sins. Ancient civilizations sought to build a healthy society through elimination, cruelty and ruthlessness towards people with disabilities, which was reflected in religion, culture or economy. Beliefs about disability have changed over time through many different factors that is development of science, technology, culture, value systems and philosophical views. Ancient civilizations began practicing medicine, so there was a very limited access to a doctor. Even though wealthier people had a chance to survive, in the case of an illness or disability they were often pushed to the margins of society.