Role of apelin in the regulation of glucose metabolism and of the cardiovascular system
Keywords:
apelin, apelin receptor (APLNR), adipose tissueAbstract
Apelin is one of biologicaly active adipokines synthesised by adipose tissue. It belongs to the group of transmembrane G protein-coupled proteins and has the highest homology to the angiotensin II receptor. Recent studies has shown the presence of apelin in many different organs, such as: digestive system, circulatory system, brain, lungs, liver, spleen, kidney, human mammary gland, adipose tissue, and placenta. Apelina by acting at specific receptor is involved in the regulation of the cardiovascular, gastrointestinal and immune functions, hypothalamus-hypophysis axis modulation, as well as fluid homeostasis (water intake control), embryonal development and angiogenesis. Apelina seems to play an important role in the pathophysiology of metabolic diseases. It has been shown that apelin improves insulin sensitivity and delays the development of obesity-related metabolic disorders. Furthermore, the strong positive inotropic and hypotensive effect of apelin may find application in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases and hypertension.
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