Changes in proportions of the body build in the Rzeszow children and youth aged 3 to 18 years during the period of 25 years (1978–2004)
Keywords:
intergenerational changes, index of trunk length, index of upper extremity length, index of lower extremity length, inter-extremity index, hip-to-shoulder index, hip width indexAbstract
Introduction: Changes occurring in body size and proportion are an important aspect of biological development of human being. Periodically repeated studies on their range and dynamics inform us about intergenerational changeableness and can be used in actualization of norms of physical development of children and youth.
Objective: The aim of this study was an assessment of changes that have occurred in physical development of the Rzeszow children and youth, aged 3 to 18 years, in 25-year period.
Results: In the examined period of time an acceleration in the trunk length has occurred in boys. Both in boys and girls we found an elongation of upper extremities and – for a larger degree – lower extremities. Because of differences in the development rate of body length and breadth some changes in proportions of body build were observed. In the boys below 6 years of age from the 2003/04 series, and in the girls below 7 years of age from the same series, the trunk is elongating, although in remaining ranges of age (and in subjects from the 1978/79 series) the trunk becomes shorter. Proportions of upper to lower extremity length point out on a relative elongation of lower extremities (from a long-legged to a very longlegged). Mean values of proportion of upper to lower extremity length classify examined population in all compared series as a short-legged. The observed changes in body build were influenced by a reduction of shoulder width during 10-year-period of 1993/94 – 2003/04 both in boys and girls aged 8 to 18 years. Intergenerational changes were strongly marked in 1993/94 – 2003/04 than in 1978/79 – 1993/94 years.
Conclusion: There is a need to continue the research study on changeableness in physical development in the Rzeszow children and youth.
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