Serum levels of vitamin D and tumour necrosis factor-alpha in adults with metabolic syndrome
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2021.4.3Keywords:
inflammation, metabolic syndrome, vitamin DAbstract
Introduction. Reports continue to show that a significant association exists between serum vitamin D level and metabolic syndrome (MS)-associated inflammation. However, information on the serum levels of vitamin D and alterations in inflammation in different vitamin D status is presently lacking.
Aim. To determine the serum levels of vitamin D and TNF-α, and assess their possible relationship with gender in individuals with MS.
Material and methods. Sixty adults with MS and 40 controls were enrolled into this case-control study. Serum vitamin D and TNF-α levels were measured and participants stratified into different vitamin D status.
Results. None of the participants had vitamin D deficiency and the mean vitamin D level was similar in MS compared with the controls. However, TNF-α level was significantly higher in MS compared with the controls. Serum vitamin D level had significant inverse correlation with serum TNF-α level in MS. Also vitamin D level was significantly lower while TNF-α level was significantly higher in female-MS compared with the male-MS.
Conclusion. Adults with MS have elevated TNF-α level which appears to be associated with the serum level of vitamin D. Also, females with MS have low vitamin D level and this may exacerbate the MS-associated inflammation in them.
Downloads
References
Swarup S, Goyal A, Grigorova Y, Zeltser R. Metabolic Syndrome. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing Copyright © 2021, StatPearls Publishing LLC.; 2021.
Villard A, Boursier J, Andriantsitohaina R. Microbiota-derived extracellular vesicles and metabolic syndrome. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2021;231(4):e13600.
Saklayen MG. The global epidemic of the metabolic sndrome. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2018;20(2):12.
Rahamon SK, Fabian UA, Charles-Davies MA, et al. Changes in mediators of inflammation and pro-thrombosis after 12 months of dietary modification in adults with metabolic syndrome. Afr Health Sci. 2017;17(2):453-462.
Myers J, Kokkinos P, Nyelin E. Physical Activity, Cardiorespiratory Fitness, and the Metabolic Syndrome. Nutrients. 2019;11(7).
Oguoma VM, Nwose EU, Richards RS. Prevalence of cardio-metabolic syndrome in Nigeria: a systematic review. Public Health. 2015;129(5):413-423.
Sabir AA, Jimoh A, Iwuala SO, et al. Metabolic syndrome in urban city of North-Western Nigeria: prevalence and determinants. Pan Afr Med J. 2016;23:19.
Gutiérrez-Solis AL, Datta Banik S, Méndez-González RM. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Mexico: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Metab Syndr Relat Disord. 2018;16(8):395-405.
Jha BK, Sherpa ML, Dahal BK, Singh JK. Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components in Adults with Central Obesity at Janakpur Zone, Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc. 2021;18(4):681-685.
Piko P, Dioszegi J, Sandor J, Adany R. Changes in the Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome and Its Components as Well as in Relevant Preventive Medication between 2006 and 2018 in the Northeast Hungarian Population. J Pers Med. 2021;11(1):52.
Wellen KE, Hotamisligil GS. Inflammation, stress, and diabetes. J Clin Invest. 2005;115(5):1111-1119.
Lumeng CN, Saltiel AR. Inflammatory links between obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest. 2011;121(6):2111-2117.
Kalupahana NS, Moustaid-Moussa N, Claycombe KJ. Immunity as a link between obesity and insulin resistance. Mol Aspects Med. 2012;33(1):26-34.
Saltiel AR, Olefsky JM. Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease. J Clin Invest. 2017;127(1):1-4.
Alberti KG, Zimmet P, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome--a new worldwide definition. Lancet. 2005;366(9491):1059-1062.
Zimmet P, Magliano D, Matsuzawa Y, Alberti G, Shaw J. The metabolic syndrome: a global public health problem and a new definition. J Atheroscler Thromb. 2005;12(6):295-300.
Grundy SM, Cleeman JI, Daniels SR, et al. Diagnosis and management of the metabolic syndrome: an American Heart Association/National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute scientific statement. Curr Opin Cardiol. 2006;21(1):1-6.
de Rooij SR, Nijpels G, Nilsson PM, et al. Low-grade chronic inflammation in the relationship between insulin sensitivity and cardiovascular disease (RISC) population: associations with insulin resistance and cardiometabolic risk profile. Diabetes Care. 2009;32(7):1295-1301.
Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes. 1988;37(12):1595-1607.
Hanley AJ, Karter AJ, Festa A, et al. Factor analysis of metabolic syndrome using directly measured insulin sensitivity: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study. Diabetes. 2002;51(8):2642-2647.
Hotamisligil GS, Shargill NS, Spiegelman BM. Adipose expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha: direct role in obesity-linked insulin resistance. Science. 1993;259(5091):87-91.
Hotamisligil GS, Arner P, Caro JF, Atkinson RL, Spiegelman BM. Increased adipose tissue expression of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in human obesity and insulin resistance. J Clin Invest. 1995;95(5):2409-2415.
Hirosumi J, Tuncman G, Chang L, et al. A central role for JNK in obesity and insulin resistance. Nature. 2002;420(6913):333-336.
Itani SI, Ruderman NB, Schmieder F, Boden G. Lipid-induced insulin resistance in human muscle is associated with changes in diacylglycerol, protein kinase C, and IkappaB-alpha. Diabetes. 2002;51(7):2005-2011.
Bandyopadhyay GK, Yu JG, Ofrecio J, Olefsky JM. Increased p85/55/50 expression and decreased phosphotidylinositol 3-kinase activity in insulin-resistant human skeletal muscle. Diabetes. 2005;54(8):2351-2359.
Nguyen MT, Satoh H, Favelyukis S, et al. JNK and tumor necrosis factor-alpha mediate free fatty acid-induced insulin resistance in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 2005;280(42):35361-35371.
Zhang Y, Leung DY, Richers BN, et al. Vitamin D inhibits monocyte/macrophage proinflammatory cytokine production by targeting MAPK phosphatase-1. J Immunol. 2012;188(5):2127-2135.
Lee P. Vitamin D metabolism and deficiency in critical illness. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2011;25(5):769-781.
Guillot X, Semerano L, Saidenberg-Kermanac'h N, Falgarone G, Boissier MC. Vitamin D and inflammation. Joint Bone Spine. 2010;77(6):552-557.
Martens PJ, Gysemans C, Verstuyf A, Mathieu C. Vitamin D's effect on immune function. Nutrients. 2020;12(5):1248.
Chiu KC, Chu A, Go VL, Saad MF. Hypovitaminosis D is associated with insulin resistance and beta cell dysfunction. Am J Clin Nutr. 2004;79(5):820-825.
Thomas GN, B óH, Bosch JA, et al. Vitamin D levels predict all-cause and cardiovascular disease mortality in subjects with the metabolic syndrome: the Ludwigshafen Risk and Cardiovascular Health (LURIC) Study. Diabetes Care. 2012;35(5):1158-1164.
Lee K, Kim J. Serum vitamin D status and metabolic syndrome: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis. Nutr Res Pract. 2021;15(3):329-345.
Farrell SW, Leonard D, Barlow CE, et al. Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Serum Vitamin D, and Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Men. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2021;53(1):68-73.
Godala M, Gaszyńska E, Moczulski D, Materek-Kuśmierkiewicz I, Krzyżak M. [Assessment of 25(OH)D concentration in people with metabolic syndrome working in agriculture]. Med Pr. 2021;72(1):9-18.
International Diabetes Federation consensus worldwide definition of the metabolic syndrome 2006 [Available from: http://www.idf.org/webdata/docs/IDF_Meta_def_final.pdf.
Charles-Davies MA, Arinola O, Fasanmade A, et al. Indices of metabolic syndrome in 534 apparently healthy Nigerian traders. Journal of US-China Medical Science. 2012;9(2):91-100.
Rahamon SK, Charles-Davies MA, Akinlade KS, et al. Impact of Dietary Intervention on selected biochemical Indices of Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Nigerians with Metabolic Syndrome: a pilot study. European Journal of Nutrition & Food Safety. 2014:137-149.
Kand'ár R, Záková P. Determination of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 in human plasma using HPLC with UV detection based on SPE sample preparation. J Sep Sci. 2009;32(17):2953-2957.
Holick MF. Vitamin D status: measurement, interpretation, and clinical application. Ann Epidemiol. 2009;19(2):73-78.
Saraff V, Shaw N. Sunshine and vitamin D. Arch Dis Child. 2016;101(2):190-192.
Alagöl F, Shihadeh Y, Boztepe H, et al. Sunlight exposure and vitamin D deficiency in Turkish women. J Endocrinol Invest. 2000;23(3):173-177.
Farrar MD, Kift R, Felton SJ, et al. Recommended summer sunlight exposure amounts fail to produce sufficient vitamin D status in UK adults of South Asian origin. Am J Clin Nutr. 2011;94(5):1219-1224.
Idriss HT, Naismith JH. TNF alpha and the TNF receptor superfamily: structure-function relationship(s). Microsc Res Tech. 2000;50(3):184-195.
Coppack S. Pro-inflammatory cytokines and adipose tissue. Proc Nutr Soc. 2001;60(3):349-336.
Fitzgerald KA, O'Neill LA, Gearing AJ, Callard RE. The cytokine factsbook and webfacts. Second ed: Elsevier; 2001.
Smagina I, Elchaninova S, Palashchenko A, Galaktionova L. Pathological and protective effects of tumor necrosis factor-alpha in multiple sclerosis. Zhurnal nevrologii i psikhiatrii imeni SS Korsakova. 2019;119(10. Vyp. 2):14-20.
Rifai N, Ridker PM. Proposed cardiovascular risk assessment algorithm using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein and lipid screening. Clin Chem. 2001;47(1):28-30.
Muntner P, He J, Chen J, Fonseca V, Whelton PK. Prevalence of non-traditional cardiovascular disease risk factors among persons with impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance, diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome: analysis of the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES III). Ann Epidemiol. 2004;14(9):686-695.
Kanbak G, Akalin A, Dokumacioglu A, Ozcelik E, Bal C. Cardiovascular risk assessment in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: role of biomarkers. Diabetes Metab Syndr. 2011;5(1):7-11.
Kayaniyil S, Vieth R, Retnakaran R, et al. Association of vitamin D with insulin resistance and beta-cell dysfunction in subjects at risk for type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2010;33(6):1379-1381.
Milovanovic M, Pesic G, Nikolic V, et al. Vitamin D deficiency is associated with increased IL-17 and TNFα levels in patients with chronic heart failure. Arq Bras Cardiol. 2012;98(3):259-265.
Brock K, Huang WY, Fraser DR, et al. Low vitamin D status is associated with physical inactivity, obesity and low vitamin D intake in a large US sample of healthy middle-aged men and women. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol. 2010;121(1-2):462-466.
Yoshimura N, Muraki S, Oka H, et al. Profiles of vitamin D insufficiency and deficiency in Japanese men and women: association with biological, environmental, and nutritional factors and coexisting disorders: the ROAD study. Osteoporos Int. 2013;24(11):2775-2787.
Borissova AM, Shinkov A, Vlahov J, et al. Vitamin D status in Bulgaria--winter data. Arch Osteoporos. 2013;8:133.
Yan X, Zhang N, Cheng S, Wang Z, Qin Y. Gender Differences in Vitamin D Status in China. Med Sci Monit. 2019;25:7094-7099.
Didriksen A, Burild A, Jakobsen J, Fuskevåg OM, Jorde R. Vitamin D3 increases in abdominal subcutaneous fat tissue after supplementation with vitamin D3. Eur J Endocrinol. 2015;172(3):235-241.
Frisch RE. The right weight: body fat, menarche and fertility. Proc Nutr Soc. 1994;53(1):113-129.
Eisner BH, Zargooshi J, Berger AD, et al. Gender differences in subcutaneous and perirenal fat distribution. Surg Radiol Anat. 2010;32(9):879-882.
Faurschou A, Beyer DM, Schmedes A, Bogh MK, Philipsen PA, Wulf HC. The relation between sunscreen layer thickness and vitamin D production after ultraviolet B exposure: a randomized clinical trial. Br J Dermatol. 2012;167(2):391-395.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2021 European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Our open access policy is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition: this means that articles have free availability on the public Internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from having access to the Internet itself.
All articles are published with free open access under the CC-BY Creative Commons attribution license (the current version is CC-BY, version 4.0). If you submit your paper for publication by the Eur J Clin Exp Med, you agree to have the CC-BY license applied to your work. Under this Open Access license, you, as the author, agree that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. This facilitates freedom in re-use and also ensures that Eur J Clin Exp Med content can be mined without barriers for the research needs.
