Use of Gen AI
General Policy
The editorial board evaluates every submitted manuscript to determine whether AI tools were used. Both authors and reviewers must comply with the following rules.
Standards for the Use of GenAI Tools
- Human Authorship
Only human beings may be listed as authors of scholarly texts. Authors take full responsibility for all parts of their work, including any sections informed by AI‑generated data. This includes responsibility for accuracy, originality, and any ethical violations arising from AI use. AI systems—including chatbots—cannot be considered co‑authors.
- Prohibited Uses
AI tools may not be used to produce text, images, maps, drawings, or any other visual or iconographic materials included in the submission.
- Permitted but Regulated Uses
If AI tools are used in ways not covered by point 2, authors must rigorously verify all AI‑generated information. They must also identify the tool used and describe how it was applied—its name, purpose, scope, and the method of verification.
- Mandatory Disclosure
Authors must submit a dedicated declaration informing the editorial board of any AI involvement in the preparation of the manuscript.
- Footnote Requirement
The first footnote of the submitted article must contain detailed information about the AI tool used, including its name, version, purpose, and scope.
Additional Standards for Reviewers
- Human Authorship of Reviews
Reviews must be written exclusively by human reviewers, who are fully responsible for their content.
- Restrictions on AI Use in Peer Review
Because of the limitations of AI tools and the confidential nature of peer review, the editorial board advises against using GenAI tools when preparing reviews. It is strictly forbidden to generate review text using AI.
- Reviewer Declarations
Reviewers must submit a declaration either confirming that no AI tools were used or specifying the nature and extent of AI involvement—within the limits set by point 7.
