Analysis of the effects of a continuous magnetic field on the heart and diaphragm of elderly Wistar rats
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2026.2.11Keywords:
diaphragm, heart, magnetic field therapyAbstract
Introduction and aim. The aim was to investigate the histomorphometric effects of applying a static magnetic field (MF) of different intensities to the diaphragm muscle and heart of aging rats.
Material and methods. Continuous MF of three different intensities were applied for five consecutive days (10 hours in total). Morphological and histological variables in the diaphragm and heart were assessed, including capillary density, cardiomyocyte diameters, histopathological index, and the presence of regenerative changes.
Results. In the diaphragm, there was a significant reduction in the number of capillaries in the treated groups (p<0.05), with no changes in the other morphological variables (p>0.05). In the heart, there were no differences in cardiac mass or in the heart weight/body weight ratio (p>0.05), indicating no macroscopic hypertrophy. However, the intensity of 2500 G led to an increase in the area of the cardiomyocytes and their nuclei (p<0.05), suggesting an adaptive response to the overload. There were no significant changes in the histopathological index or in muscle degeneration characteristics (p>0.05).
Conclusion. Exposure to MF influenced the microcirculation of the diaphragm and promoted cellular changes in the heart, especially at higher intensities, without causing apparent damage to the tissue.
Downloads
References
Ghodbane S, Lahbib A, Sakly M, Abdelmelek H. Bioeffects of static magnetic fields: oxidative stress, genotoxic effects, and cancer studies. Biomed Res Int. 2013;2013:1-12. doi:10.1155/2013/602987
Romanenko S, Begley R, Harvey AR, Hool L, Wallace VP. The interaction between electromagnetic fields at megahertz, gigahertz and terahertz frequencies with cells, tissues and organisms: risks and potential. J R Soc Interface. 2017;14(137):20170585. doi:10.1098/rsif.2017.0585
Morris CE, Skalak TC. Chronic static magnetic field exposure alters microvessel enlargement resulting from surgical intervention. J Appl Physiol. 2007;103(2):629-636. doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.01133.2006
Keskin Y. The effect of magnetic field therapy and electric stimulation on experimental burn healing. Turk J Phys Med Rehabil. 2019;65(4):352-360. doi:10.5606/tftrd.2019.2899
Yu B, Liu J, Cheng J, et al. A static magnetic field improves iron metabolism and prevents high-fat-diet/streptozocin-induced diabetes. The Innovation. 2021;2(1):100077. doi:10.1016/j.xinn.2021.100077
Yang J, Wu J, Guo Z, Zhang G, Zhang H. Iron oxide nanoparticles combined with static magnetic fields in bone remodeling. Cells. 2022;11(20):3298. doi:10.3390/cells11203298
Wang Y, Jiang Y, Hu J, et al. Dynamic evolution of cardiac function and glucose and lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats and the intervention effect of erxian decoction. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2022;2022:1-14. doi:10.1155/2022/8090868
Wu H, Li C, Masood M, et al. Static magnetic fields regulate t-type calcium ion channels and mediate mesenchymal stem cells proliferation. Cells. 2022;11(15):2460. doi:10.3390/cells11152460
Zhao J, Li Y guo, Deng K qin, Yun P, Gong T. Therapeutic effects of static magnetic field on wound healing in diabetic rats. J Diabetes Res. 2017;2017:1-5. doi:10.1155/2017/6305370
Lv H, Liu J, Zhen C, et al. Magnetic fields as a potential therapy for diabetic wounds based on animal experiments and clinical trials. Cell Prolif. 2021;54(3). doi:10.1111/cpr.12982
Henry SL, Concannon MJ, Yee GJ. The effect of magnetic fields on wound healing experimental study and review of the literature. Eplasty. 2008;8:e40.
Feng C, Yu B, Song C, et al. Static magnetic fields reduce oxidative stress to improve wound healing and alleviate diabetic complication. Cells. 2022;11(3):443. doi:10.3390/cells11030443
Taniguchi N, Kanai S, Kawamoto M, Endo H, Higashino H. Study on application of static magnetic field for adjuvante arthritis rats. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2004;1(2):187-191. doi:10.1093/ecam/neh024
Schenck JF. Physical interactions of static magnetic fields with living tissues. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2005;87(2-3):185-204. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2004.08.009
Tzirtzilakis EE, Xenos MA. Biomagnetic fluid flow in a driven cavity. Meccanica. 2013;48(1):187-200. doi:10.1007/s11012-012-9593-7
Zhang B, Yuan X, Lv H, Che J, Wang S, Shang P. Biophysical mechanisms underlying the effects of static magnetic fields on biological systems. Prog Biophys Mol Biol. 2023;177:14-23. doi:10.1016/j.pbiomolbio.2022.09.002
Mayda S, Kandemir Z, Bulut N, Maekawa S. Magnetic mechanism for the biological functioning of hemoglobin. Sci Rep. 2020;10(1):8569. doi:10.1038/s41598-020-64364-y
Bordoni B, Morabito B, Simonelli M. Ageing of the diaphragm muscle. Cureus. 2020;12(1):e6645. doi:10.7759/cureus.6645
Costa LNC, de Paula TP, Zazula MF, et al. Maternal periodontitis potentiates monosodium glutamate‐obesity damage on Wistar offspring’s fast‐glycolytic muscle. Oral Dis. 2024;30(7):4705-4720. doi:10.1111/odi.14890
Zazula MF, de Andrade BZ, Toni Boaro C De, et al. Development of a histopathological index for skeletal muscle analysis in Rattus norvegicus (Rodentia: Muridae). Acta Histochem. 2022;124(4):151892. doi:10.1016/j.acthis.2022.151892
Pacagnelli FL, Sabela AKD de A, Mariano TB, et al. Fractal dimension in quantifying experimental-pulmonary-hypertension-induced cardiac dysfunction in rats. Arq Bras Cardiol. Published online 2016. doi:10.5935/abc.20160083
Okano H, Gmitrov J, Ohkubo C. Biphasic effects of static magnetic fields on cutaneous microcirculation in rabbits. Bioelectromagnetics. 1999;20(3):161-171. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1521-186X(1999)20:3<161::AID-BEM2>3.0.CO;2-O
Tao R, Huang K. Reducing blood viscosity with magnetic fields. Phys Rev E. 2011;84(1):011905. doi:10.1103/PhysRevE.84.011905
Messier V, Rabasa-Lhoret R, Barbat-Artigas S, Elisha B, Karelis AD, Aubertin-Leheudre M. Menopause and sarcopenia: A potential role for sex hormones. Maturitas. 2011;68(4):331-336. doi:10.1016/j.maturitas.2011.01.014
Duddy W, Duguez S, Johnston H, et al. Muscular dystrophy in the mdx mouse is a severe myopathy compounded by hypotrophy, hypertrophy and hyperplasia. Skelet Muscle. 2015;5(1):16. doi:10.1186/s13395-015-0041-y
Gundersen K. Muscle memory and a new cellular model for muscle atrophy and hypertrophy. Journal of Experimental Biology. 2016;219(2):235-242. doi:10.1242/jeb.124495
Oliveira Junior SA, Padovani CR, Rodrigues SA, et al. Extensive impact of saturated fatty acids on metabolic and cardiovascular profile in rats with diet-induced obesity: A canonical analysis. Cardiovasc Diabetol. 2013;12(1):65. doi:10.1186/1475-2840-12-65
Tasić T, Lozić M, Glumac S, et al. Static magnetic field on behavior, hematological parameters and organ damage in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021;207:111085. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111085
Goraca A, Ciejka E, Piechota A. Effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on the parameters of oxidative stress in heart. J Physiol Pharmacol. 2010;61(3):333-338.
Kimsa-Dudek M, Synowiec-Wojtarowicz A, Derewniuk M, et al. Impact of fluoride and a static magnetic field on the gene expression that is associated with the antioxidant defense system of human fibroblasts. Chem Biol Interact. 2018;287:13-19. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2018.04.004
Selbac MT, Garcia C, Fernandes Luiz C, et al. Behavioral and physiological changes determined by the female biological cycle-Climacteric to menopause. Aletheia. 2018;51(1-2):177-190.
Kestelman F. Magnetic resonance imaging in women recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Where are we headed? Radiol Bras. 2019;52(4):V-VI. doi:10.1590/0100-3984.2019.52.4e1
Wang S, Zheng M, Lou C, et al. Evaluating the biological safety on mice at 16 T static magnetic field with 700 MHz radio-frequency electromagnetic field. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2022;230:113125. doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.113125
De Carvalho CAM, Thomazini JA. Study of wistar rats heart at different stages in the evolutionary cycle. International Journal of Morphology. 2014;32(2):614-617. doi:10.4067/S0717-95022014000200039
Lacour P, Dang PL, Heinzel FR, et al. Magnetic field–induced interactions between phones containing magnets and cardiovascular implantable electronic devices: Flip it to be safe? Heart Rhythm. 2022;19(3):372-380. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.11.010
Seidman SJ, Guag J, Beard B, Arp Z. Static magnetic field measurements of smart phones and watches and applicability to triggering magnet modes in implantable pacemakers and implantable cardioverter-defibrillators. Heart Rhythm. 2021;18(10):1741-1744. doi:10.1016/j.hrthm.2021.06.1203
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Our open access policy is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition: this means that articles have free availability on the public Internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from having access to the Internet itself.
All articles are published with free open access under the CC-BY Creative Commons attribution license (the current version is CC-BY, version 4.0). If you submit your paper for publication by the Eur J Clin Exp Med, you agree to have the CC-BY license applied to your work. Under this Open Access license, you, as the author, agree that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. This facilitates freedom in re-use and also ensures that Eur J Clin Exp Med content can be mined without barriers for the research needs.
