Forms of physical activity of the elderly
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2020.3.10Keywords:
aging, epidemiology, physical activityAbstract
Introduction. Physical activity is known to be an important factor influencing health throughout human life. This issue has become crucial for public health due to the aging of the population in both developed and developing countries.
Aim. is to present a literature review on the forms of physical activity undertaken by the elderly, as well as on issues related to physical activity and the population aging.
Material and methods. The study was prepared on the basis of a review of Polish and foreign literature. The following databases and data sources were used: EBSCO, ScienceDirect and Google Scholar. An additional source of data were the websites of the Central Statistical Office. Strictly defined key phrases were used during the collection of literature. The work has been divided into thematic subsections on the aging of the society, the impact of physical activity on health and the main topic, i.e. forms of physical activity selected by the elderly.
Analysis of the literature. The number of elderly people in Polish society has increased by almost 3.7 million over three decades. Therefore, an important topic is prophylaxis aimed at increasing the number of days in good health, largely covering the broadly understood activation of the elderly. The available data indicate that only 12% of elderly people undertake physical activity once a week. The most common form of spending free time actively is walking (as many as 73% of people in this population declare this form of physical activity in one of the presented studies).
Conclusion. Organized forms of physical activity are undertaken much less frequently by the analyzed age group mainly due to financial limitations and limited availability of sports infrastructure.
Downloads
References
Bień B. Sytuacja zdrowotna ludzi w podeszłym wieku w Polsce. [Health situation of elderly people in Poland] (in Polish) Służba Zdrowia 2000;14:61–64.
Stauden S. Psychologia starzenia się i starości. [Psychology of aging and old age] (in Polish) Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN; 2011:82.
Duda K. Proces starzenia się. Marchewka A, Dąbrowski Z, Żołądź JA ed. Fizjologia starzenia się. Profilaktyka i rehabilitacja. [Aging physiology. Prevention and rehabilitation.] (in Polish) Kraków, Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN;2012: 1–31.
Kozdroń E, Leś A. Aktywność ruchowa w procesie pomyślnego starzenia się. Postępy Rehabilitacji. [Motor activity in the process of successful aging. Rehabilitation progress.] (in Polish) Zeszyty Naukowe WSKFiT. 2010;24(1):49-57.
Chodzko-Zajko WJ, Proctor DN, Fiatarone Singh MA, et al. American College of Sports Medicine position stand. Exercise and physical activity for older adults. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2009;41(7):1510–30.
Wen CP, Wai JP, Tsai MK, et al. Minimum amount of physical activity for reduced mortality and extended life expectancy: a prospective cohort study. Lancet. 2011;378:1244–1253.
Long-term Senior Policy in Poland for the years 2014-2020 in outline. Ministerstwo Prac I Polityki Społecznej. https://das.mpips.gov.pl/source/Long-term%20Senior%20Policy.pdf. Published December 24, 2013. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Barbosa de Lira CA, Viana Taveira H, Rufo-Tavares E et al. Engagement in a Community Physical Activity Program and Its Effects Upon the Health-Related Quality of Life of Elderly People: A Cross-Sectional Study. Value Health Reg Issues. 2018;17:183−188.
Information on the situation of the elderly based on research by the Central Statistical Office. Central Statistical Office. https://stat.gov.pl/obszary-tematyczne/osoby-starsze/osoby-starsze/informacja-o-sytuacji-osob-starszych-na-podstawie-badan-glownego-urzedu-statystycznego,1,2.html. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Ageing and health. World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing-and-health. Published February 5, 2018. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Population structure and population aging. Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics explained/index.php?title= Population_ structure_and_ageing/pl. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Population structure and ageing. Eurostat. https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/pdfscache/1271.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Raport. Info Senior. Związek Banków Polskich. [Report. Senior Info. The Union of Polish Banks] (in Polish) https://zbp.pl/public/repozytorium/wydarzenia/images/styczen_2018/ZBP_InfoSenior_18.01_f.pdf. Published February, 2018. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Eurostat. http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Gosik B. Rekreacja i aktywność ruchowa starszych osób. przykład mieszkańców województwa łódzkiego. [Recreation and physical activity of elderly people. example of the inhabitants of the Lodzkie Voivodship] (in Polish) Space - Society – Economy. 2015;14:151-163.
Modrak M. Trzeci poziom dojrzałości. Szczęśliwe życie po pięćdziesiątce. [The third level of maturity. Happy life in your 50s.] (in Polish) Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Sensus; 2013:87-89.
Sposoby spędzania czasu na emeryturze. Centrum Badania Opinii Społecznej. [Ways of spending time in retirement. Public Opinion Research Center.] (in Polish) https://www.cbos.pl/SPISKOM.POL/2012/K_106_12.PDF. Published July, 2012. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Baj-Korpak J, Różański P, Soroka A, Wysokińska E. Motywy i bariery uczestnictwa osób starszych w rekreacji ruchowej. [Motives and barriers of older people's participation in physical recreation.] (in Polish) Rozprawy Społeczne. 2013;1(VII):125-130.
Łysak A, Walentukiewicz A, Drabik J, Dąbrowski A, Rowiński R, Aktywność fizyczna
Zych AA. Słownik gerontologii społecznej. [Dictionary of Social Gerontology.] (in Polish) Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Żak; 2001:19.
Departament Badań Społecznych i Warunków Życia GUS, Uniwersytety Trzeciego Wieku – wstępne wyniki badania za rok 2014/2015, [Third Age Universities - preliminary research results for 2014/2015] (in Polish) Gdańsk: GUS; 2016:3.
Villar F, Celdrán M. Generativity in Older Age: A Challenge for Universities of the Third Age (U3A), Educational Gerontology. 2012;(38):666.
Halicka M, Halicki J. Integracja społeczna i aktywność ludzi starszych. [Social integration and activity of the elderly] (in Polish) Synak B. ed. Polska starość. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego; 2003:207.
Global Recommendations on Physical Activity for Health. World Health Organization https://www.who.int/dietphysicalactivity/global-PA-recs-2010.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Haskell WL, Lee IM, Pate RR, et al. Physical activity and public health: Updated recommendation for adults from the American college of sports medicine and the American heart association. Circulation. 2007;116(9):1081-1093.
Tudor-Locke C. Taking steps toward increased physical activity: using pedometers to measure and motivate. Research Digest. 2002;17(3):1-8.
Wyszyńska J, Dereń K, Hausner I, Mazur A. Selected factors influencing the level of physical activity in the elderly. Eur J Clin Exp Med 2018;16(3):184–189.
Marchewka A, Junkiewicz M. Aktywność fizyczna w młodości a jakość życia
in old age.] (in Polish) Gerontologia Polska. 2008; 16(2):127-130.
Hu L, Smith L, Imm K.R, Jackson S.E, Yang L. Physical activity modifies the association between depression and cognitive function in older adults. Journal of Affective Disorders. 2019; 1(246): 800–805.
Kostka T, Kostka J. Trening zdrowotny osób starszych. Fizjoterapia w geriatrii. [Health training for the elderly. Physiotherapy in geriatrics.] (in Polish) Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Lekarskie PZWL; 2011: 31-44.
Cieślicka M, Stankiewicz B, Napierała M, Żukow W, Brzeziński M. Aktywność fizyczna osób starszych.[Physical activity of the elderly.] (in Polish) Maik W, Napierała M, Żukow W ed. Wybrane problemy turystyki, rekreacji, fizjoterapii ochrony zdrowia człowieka. Bydgoszcz; 2011:28- 37.
Kaźmierczak U, Radzimińska A, Dzierżanowski M et al. Korzyści z podejmowania regularnej aktywności fizycznej przez osoby starsze = The benefits of regular physical activity for the elderly. Journal of Education, Health and Sport. 2015;5(1):56-68.
Halicka M, Halicki J. Integracja społeczna i aktywność ludzi starszych [Social integration and activity of the elderly] (in Polish), [in:] Synak B. (Ed.), Polska starość. Gdańsk: Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Gdańskiego; 2003:207.
Wiech M, Prusik K, Kortas J, et al. Changes in the ranges of motion in the joints of the upper and lower extremities in elderly people under the influence of the nordic walking training. Zmiany zakresów ruchów w stawach kończyn górnych i dolnych u osób starszych pod wpływem treningu Nordic. Journal Of Health Sciences. 2013;3(5):267-276.
Stankiewicz B, Majchrowski A, Zukow W. Nordic Walking as an alternative form of physical recreation = Nordic Walking jako alternatywna forma rekreacji ruchowej. Journal of Health Sciences. 2013;3(7):109-126
Łubkowska W, Szark-Eckardt M. Korygowanie postawy ciała poprzez pływanie
and exercises in the water] (in Polish), Bydgoszcz: 2015:39-49.
Duana Y, Wagnerb P, Zhanga R, Wulffb H, Brehmc W. Physical activity areas in urban parks and their use by the elderly from two cities in China and Germany. Landscape and Urban Planning. 2018;178:261–269.
Recommendations for physical activity in the prevention of circulatory diseases. Department of Social and Preventive Medicine, Medical University of Lodz http://a.umed.pl/geriatria/pdf/Zalecenia_dotyczace_aktywnosci_ruchowej_w_profilaktyce_chorob_ukladu_krazenia.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Kozdroń E. Aktywność rekreacyjna w procesie pomyślnego starzenia się.[Recreational activity in the process of successful aging] (in Polish) Zeszyty Naukowe WSKFiT. 2014;9:75-84.
Bloomgarden ZT. Type 2 diabetes in the young. Diabetes Care. 2004;27:998-1010.
Cordeo-MacIntyre Z, Peterson R, Fukuda D, Gungur S. Obesity a Worldwide Problem. New Horisons. 24th International Council for Physical Activity and Fitness Research Symposium. Wrocław: 2006.
Dehgan M, Akhtar-Danesh N, Merchant A.T. Childhood obesity, prevalence and prevention. Nutrition J. 2005; 4:24.
Hawkins SA, Cockburn MG, Hamilton A.S, Mack T.M. An Estimate of Physical Activity Prevalence in a Large Population-Based Cohort. Medicine & Science in sports
Hawley J, Houmard J. Introduction-Preventing insulin resistance through exercise:
Pi-Sunyer FX. The obesity epidemic: pathophysiology and consequences of obesity. Obes. Res. 2003; 10;97-104.
Raitakari OT, Juoanala M, Kahonen M. et al. Cardiovascular risk factors in childhood and carotid artery intima-media thickness in adulthood. The cardiovascular risk in young Finns study. JAMA, 2003;290:2277-2283.
Tremblay M, Willms J. Is the Canadian childhood obesity epidemic related to physical inactivity? Int J Obes 2003;27: 1100-1105.
US Department of Health and Human Services. The Surgeon General’s Call to Action to Prevent and Decrease Overweight and Obesity. https://www.cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/pdf/CalltoAction.pdf. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Osiński W. Gerokinezjologia: Nauka i praktyka aktywności fizycznej w wieku starszym. Warszawa; 2013:40–47.
Mazurek J, Szczygieł J, Blaszkowska A, Zgajewska K, Richter W. Aktualne zalecenia dotyczące aktywności ruchowej osób w podeszłym wieku. [Current recommendations regarding the physical activity of the elderly] (in Polish) Gerontologia polska. 2014:2:70-75.
Europa. Eurostat. http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do. http://appsso.eurostat.ec.europa.eu/nui/submitViewTableAction.do. Accessed July 1, 2019.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2020 European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Our open access policy is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition: this means that articles have free availability on the public Internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from having access to the Internet itself.
All articles are published with free open access under the CC-BY Creative Commons attribution license (the current version is CC-BY, version 4.0). If you submit your paper for publication by the Eur J Clin Exp Med, you agree to have the CC-BY license applied to your work. Under this Open Access license, you, as the author, agree that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. This facilitates freedom in re-use and also ensures that Eur J Clin Exp Med content can be mined without barriers for the research needs.
