Effect of photodynamic therapy with hypericin on the secretion of selected cytokines of colorectal cancer cells tested in vitro
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15584/ejcem.2023.2.1Keywords:
colorectal cancer, hypericin, photodynamic therapyAbstract
Introduction and aim. Photodynamic therapy is a complex process involving the introduction of photosensitizers into the patient’s body and irradiation of them in order to destroy the lesion, and activate the immune system. An important role in photodynamic therapy is played by photobiochemical and physical mechanisms that affect the tumor vessels and lead to the death of the damaged cell. The aim of the study is to determine the effect of photodynamic therapy with the use of Hypericin (Hyp) on the secretion of selected cytokines by colorectal cancer cells.
Material and methods. Two colorectal cancer cell lines SW480 and SW620 were used in the study. Cells treated Hypericin were exposed to visible light. Then cell viability was determined by the MTT assay with 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium. Assays were performed for control samples without hypericin and light exposure, with Hyp without light exposure, without Hyp and irradiated with light, and test samples with Hyp and light exposure.
Results. In the experiment we reveal, that Hyp- photodynamic activity does not influence the secretion of cytokines.
Conclusion. The obtaining results confirming the destructive effect of Hyp- PDT on the colon cancer cells, show a possibility of extending the indication for photodynamic therapy using Hyp, qualification of precancerous changes.
Downloads
References
Jendželovská Z, Jendželovský R, Kuchárová B, Fedoročko P. Hypericin in the light and in the dar: two sides of the same coin. Front Plant Sci. 2016;7:560.
Dong X, Zeng Y, Zhang Z, et al. Hypericin-mediated photodynamic therapy for the treatment of cancer: a review. J Pharm Pharmacol. 2021;73:425-436.
Huntosova W, Stroffekova K. Hypericin in the Dark: Foe or Ally in Photodynamic therapy? Cancers (Basel). 2016;8:93.
Vandenbogaerde AL, Kamuhabwa A, Delaey E, Himpens BE, Merlevede WJ, De Witte PA. Photocytotoxic effect of pseudohypericin versus hypericin. J Photochem Photobiol B Biol. 1998;45:87– 94.
Schempp CM, Winghofer B, Müllerm K, et al. Effect of oral administration of Hypericum perforatum extract (St. John’s wort) on skin erythema and pigmentation induced by UVB, UVA, visible light and solar simulated radiation. Phytother Res. 2003;17:141-146.
Agostinis P, Vantieghem A, Merlevede W, De Witte PA. Hypericin in cancer treatment: More light on the way. Int J Biochem Cell Biol. 2002;34:221-241.
Nestor MS, Gold MH, Kauvar AN, et al. The use of photodynamic therapy in dermatology: results of a consensus conference. J Drugs Dermatol. 2006;5:140-154.
Braathen LR, Szeimies RM, Basset-Seguin N, et al. International Society for Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology. Guidelines on the use of photodynamic therapy for nonmelanoma skin cancer: an international consensus. International Society for Photodynamic Therapy in Dermatology, 2005. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2007;56:125-143.
Henderson BW, Dougherty TJ. How does photodynamic therapy work? Photochem Photobiol. 1992;55:145-157.
Dolmans DE, Fukumura D, Jain RK. Photodynamic therapy for cancer. Nat Rev Cancer. 2003;3:380-387.
Wołuń-Cholewa M, Szymanowski K, Markwitz-Nowak E, Warchoł W. Photodiagnosis and photodynamic therapy of endometriotic epithelial cells using 5-aminolevulinic acid and steroids. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2011;8:58-63.
Ostańska E, Aebisher D, Bartusik-Aebisher D. The potential of photodynamic therapy in current breast cancer treatment methodologies. Biomed Pharmacother. 2021;137:1-10.
Kawczyk-Krupka A, Bugaj AM, Potempa A, Wasilewska K, Latos W, Sieroń A. Vascular targeted photodynamic therapy in the treatment of neovascular age-related macular degeneration: clinical perspectives. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2015;12:161-175.
Mhawech P, Renaud A, Sene C, Lüdicke F, Herrmann F, Szalay-Quinodoz I, van den Bergh H, Major AL. High efficacy of photodynamic therapy on rat endometrium after systemic administration of benzoporphyrin derivative monoacid ring A. Hum Reprod. 2003;18:1707-1711.
Olek M, Kasperski J, Skaba D, Wiench R, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. Photodynamic therapy for the treatment of oral squamous carcinoma- clinical imlications resulting from in vitro research. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2019;27:255-267.
Szygula M, Pietrusa A, Adamek M, Wojciechowski B, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Cebula W, Duda W, Sieron A. Combined treatment of urinary bladder cancer with the use of photodynamic therapy (PDT) and subsequent BCG-therapy: a pilot study. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2004;1:241-246.
Morton CA, Brown SB, Collins S, Ibbotson S, Jenkinson H, Kurwa H, Langmack K, McKenna K, Moseley H, Pearse AD, Stringer M, Taylor DK, Wong G, Rhodes LE. Guidelines for topical photodynamic therapy: report of a workshop of the British Photodermatology Group. Br J Dermatol. 2002;146:552-567.
Kiesslich T, Krammer B, Plaetzer K. Cellular mechanism and prospective applications of hypericin in photodynamic therapy. Curr Med Chem. 2006;13:2189-2204.
Miccoli L, Beurdeley-Thomas A, De Pinieux G, et al. Light-induced photo-activation of hypericin affects the energy metabolism of human glioma cells by inhibiting hexokinase bound to mitochondria. Cancer Res. 1998;58:5777-5786.
French CS, Smith JHC, Virgin HI, Airth RL. Fluorescence-spectrum curves of chlorophylls, pheophytins, phyco-erythrins, phycocyanins and hypericin. Plant Physiol. 1956;31:369-374.
Seyed MA, Malini O, Ganyik Y, Khee CS. Induction of apoptosis by hypericin through activation of caspase-3 in human carcinoma cells. Int J Mol Med. 2001;8:521-530.
Couldwell WY, Gopalakrishna R, Hinton DR, He S, Weiss MH, Law RE, Apuzzo ML. Hypericin: A potential antiglioma therapy. Neurosurgery. 1994;35:705-710.
Jarvis WD, Turner AJ, Povirk LF, Traylor RS, Grant S. Induction of apoptotic DNA fragmentation and cell death in HL-60 human promyelotic leukaemia cells by pharmacologic inhibitors of protein kinase C. Cancer Res. 1994;54:1707-1714.
Koren H, Schenk GM, Jindra RH, Alth G, Ebermann R, Kubin A, Koderhold G, Kreitner M. Hypericin in phototherapy. J Photochem Photobiol B. 1996;36:113-119.
Zhang W, Lawa RE, Hintona DR, Su Y, Couldwell WT. Growth inhibition and apoptosis in human neuroblastoma SK-N-SH cells induced by hypericin, a potent inhibitor of protein kinase C. Cancer Lett. 1995;96:31-35.
Fox FE, Niu Z, Tobia A, Rook AH. Photoactivated hypericin is an anti-proliferative agent that induces a high rate of apoptotic death of normal, transformed, and malignant T lymphocytes: Implications for the treatment of cutaneous lymphoproliferative and inflammatory disorders. J Invest Dermatol. 1998;111:327-332.
Huygens A, Kamuhabwa AR, De Witte PA. Stability of different formulations and ion pairs of hypericin. Eur J Pharm Biopharm. 2005;59:461-468.
Liu F, Pan C, Drumm P, Ang CY. Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry studies of St. John’s wort methanol extraction: Active constituents and their transformation. J Pharm Biomed Anal. 2005;37:303-312.
Alecu M, Ursaciuc C, Hãlãlãu F, et al. Photodynamic treatment of basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma with hypericin. Anticancer Res. 1998;18:4651-4654.
Chen WR, Carubelli R, Liu H, Nordquist RE. Laser immunotherapy: a novel treatment modality for metastatic tumors. Mol Biotechnol. 2003;25:37-44.
Gallagher G, Stimson WH, Findlay J, AI-Azzawi F. Interleukin-6 enhances the induction of human lymphokine-activated killer cells. Cancer Immmunol Immunother. 1990;31:49-52.
Takai Y, Wong GG, Clark SC, Burakoff SJ, Herrmann SH. B cell stimulatory factor-2 is involved in the differentiation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Immunol. 1988;140:508-512.
Coussens LM, Werb Z. Inflammation and cancer. Nature 2002;420:860-867.
Esfandi F. Mohammadzadeh Ghobadloo S, Basati G. Interleukin-6 level in patients with colorectal cancer. Cancer Lett. 2006;244:76-78.
Zhang GJ, Adachi I. Serum interleukin-6 levels correlate to tumor pro-gression and prognosis in metastatic breast carcinoma. Anticancer Res. 1999;19:1427-1432.
Lou J, Aragaki M, Bernards N, et al. Repeated photodynamic therapy mediates the abscopal effect through multiple innate and adaptive immune responses with and without immune checkpoint therapy. Biomaterials. 2023;292:121918.
Kawczyk-Krupka A, Czuba Z, Latos W, et al. Influence of ALA-mediated photodynamic therapy on secretion of interleukins 6, 8 and 10 by colon cancer cells in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018;22:137-139.
Kawczyk-Krupka A, Latos W, Oleś P, et al. The influence of 5-aminolevulinic photodynamic therapy on colon cancer cell interleukin secretion in hypoxia-like condition in vitro. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2018;23:240-243.
Kaleta-Richter M, Kawczyk-Krupka A, Aebisher D, Bartusik-Aebisher D, Czuba Z, Cieślar G. The capability and potential of new forms of personalized colon cancer treatment: Immunotherapy and Photodynamic Therapy. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther. 2019;25:253-258.
Kaleta-Richter M, Aebisher D, Jaworska D, Czuba Z, Cieślar G, Kawczyk-Krupka A. The Influence of Hypericin-Mediated Photodynamic Therapy on Interleukin-8 and -10 Secretion in Colon Cancer Cells. Integr Cancer Ther. 2020;19:1534735420918931.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 European Journal of Clinical and Experimental Medicine
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Our open access policy is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition: this means that articles have free availability on the public Internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from having access to the Internet itself.
All articles are published with free open access under the CC-BY Creative Commons attribution license (the current version is CC-BY, version 4.0). If you submit your paper for publication by the Eur J Clin Exp Med, you agree to have the CC-BY license applied to your work. Under this Open Access license, you, as the author, agree that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. This facilitates freedom in re-use and also ensures that Eur J Clin Exp Med content can be mined without barriers for the research needs.
