Mental disorders as a result of gene-environment interaction: A new findings
Abstract
Research studies in psychiatry which take into consideration the gene-environment interaction (GEI) are relatively a new research model. The findings coming from recent studies in the field show that geneenvironment interactions really exist in nature and significantly influence many mental disorders. This article aims to address several problems. First, the authors explain what is meant by gene-environment interaction. Also we discuss why such interactions are so important in psychopathology, and summarize emerging evidence about gene-environment interactions in development of mental disorders. The article focuses on studies of antisocial behavior, because these have been leading the way in investigating environmental as well as genetic influences on psychopathology. The final part of the article envisages future work on gene–environment interplay, arguing that it is an interesting and profitable way forward for psychopathology research.
Downloads
References
Turkheimer E., Haley A., Waldron M., D’Onofrio B., Gottesman I.I. (2003): Socioeconomic status modifies the heritability of IQ in young children, Psychological Science, 6, 623.
Pray L.A. (2004). Epigenetics: Genome, meet your environment, The Scientist, 18, 14.
Epel E.S., Blackburn E.H., Lin J., Dhadhar F.S., Adler N.E., Morrow J., Cawton R.M. (2004): Accelerated telomere shortening in response to life stress, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA, 101, 17312.
Francis D., Insel T., Szegda K., Campbell G., Martin W. D. (2003): Epigenetic sources of behavioral differences in mice, Nature Neuroscience, 6, 445.
Rutter M., Silberg J. (2002): Gene-environment interplay in relation to emotional and be havioral disturbance, Annual Review of Psychology, 53, 463.
Heath A. C., Nelson E. C. (2002): Effects of the interaction between genotype and environment: research into the genetic epidemiology of alcohol dependence, Alcohol Res. Health, 26, 193.
Loeber R., Farrington D. P. (1998): Serious and Violent Juvenile Offenders: Risk Factors and Successful Interventions, Sage, Thousand Oaks, California.
Kendler K. S., Gardner C. O., Prescott C. A. (2002): Toward a comprehensive developmental model for major depression in women. Am. J. Psychiatry, 159, 1133.
Tsuang M. T., Stone W. S., Faraone S. V. (2001).: Genes, environment and schizophrenia, Br. J. Psychiatry, 178, S18.
van Os J., Krabbendam L., Myin-Gerneys L., Delespaul P. (2005): The schizophrenia environment, Curr. Opin. Psychiatry, 18, 141.
Plomin R., DeFries J. C., McClearn G. E., McGuffin P. (2001): Behavioral Genetics. W. H. Freeman, New York.
King M. C., Marks J. H., Mandell J. B. (2003): Breast and ovarian cancer risks due to inherited mutations in BRCA1 and BRCA2, Science, 302, 643.
O’Rahilly S., Barroso I., Wareham N. J. (2005): Genetic factors in type 2 diabetes: the end of the beginning? Science, 307, 370.
Kotb M. et al. (2002): An immunogenetic and molecular basis for differences in outcomes of invasive group A streptococcal infections, Nature Med., 8, 1398.
Harris T., Loftus J., Shields G., Comazzi M., Vita A., Smith A. M., Dann J., Crow T. J., DeLisi L. E. (1996): Linkage analyses of schizophrenia to chromosome 6p24-p22: an attempt to replicate, Am J Med Genet, 67(6), 595.
Gottesman I. I. (1991): Schizophrenia Genesis: The Origins of Madness, New York: Freeman.
Carey G. (1987): Big genes, little genes, affective disorder, and anxiety: A commentary, Archives of General Psychiatry, 44, 486.
Caspi A. et al. (2002): Role of genotype in the cycle of violence in maltreated children, Science, 297, 851.
Caspi A. et al. (2003): Influence of life stress on depression: moderation by a polymorphism in the 5-HTT gene. Science, 301, 386.
Ridley M. (2003): Nature via nurture: Genes, experience and what makes us human, New York: Harper Collins.
Gottlieb G. (2003): On making behavioral genetics truly developmental, Human Development, 46, 337.
Bateson P., Martin P. (2000): Design for a life: How behaviour and personality develop, London: Jonathan Cape.
Rutter M., O’Connor T., the English and Romanian Adoptees Study Team (2004): Are there biological programming effects for psychological development?: Findings from a study of Romanian adoptees, Developmental Psychology, 40, 81.
Johnston T.D., Edwards L. (2002): Genes, interactions, and the development of behavior, Psychological Review, 109, 26.
Moffitt T.E., Caspi A. (2007): Evidence from behavioural genetics for environmental contributions to antisocial conduct. In: Handbook of socialization (J. E. Grusec, P.D. Hastings, ed.). Guilford Publ., New York, pp. 96.
Lahey B., Moffitt T. E., Caspi A. (Eds.). (2003): Causes of conduct disorder and juvenile delinquency, New York: Guilford Press.
Miles D. R., Carey G. (1997): Genetic and environmental architecture of human aggression, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 72, 207.
Rhee S. H., Waldman I. D. (2002): Genetic and environmental influences on antisocial behavior: A metaanalysis of twin and adoption studies. Psychological Bulletin, 128, 490.
Plomin R. (1994): Genetics and experience: The interplay between nature and nurture, Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
Boomsma D. I., Martin, N. G. (2002): Gene–environment interactions. In H. D’haenen J. A. den Boer P. Willner, Biological Psychiatry (181–187). New York: Wiley.
Rowe D. C. (1994): The limits of family influence: Genes, experience, and behavior, New York: Guilford Press.
Kendler K. S., Prescott C. A., Myers J., Neale M. C. (2003), The structure of genetic and environmental risk factors for common psychiatric and substance use disorders in men and women, Archives of General Psychiatry, 60, 929.
Plomin R., Daniels D. (1987): Why are children in the same family so different from each other? Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 10, 1.
Insel T., Collins F. S. (2003): Psychiatry in the genomics era, Am. J. Psychiatry, 160, 616.
Bearden C., Reus V. I., Freimer N. B. (2004): Why genetic investigation of psychiatric disorders is so difficult, Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev., 14, 280.
Hunter D. J. (2005): Gene-environment interactions in human diseases, Nature Rev. Genet., 6, 287.
McClelland G. H., Judd C. M. (1993): Statistical difficulties of detecting interactions and moderator effects, Psychol. Bull., 114, 376.
Plomin R., Bergeman C. S. (1991): The nature of nurture: genetic influence on ‘environmental’ measures, Behav. Brain. Sci., 14, 373.
Rutter M., Moffitt T. E., Caspi A. (2006): Geneenvironment interplay and psychopathology: multiple varieties but real effects. J. Child. Psychol. Psychiatry, 47, 226.
Wong M. Y., Day N. E., Luan J. A., Chan K. P., Wareham N. J. (2003): The detection of gene-environment interaction for continuous traits: should we deal with measurement error by bigger studies or better measurement? Int. J. Epidemiol., 32, 51.
Sullivan P. F., Eaves L. J., Kendler K. S., Neale, M. C. (2001): Genetic case-control association studies in neuropsychiatry, Arch. Gen. Psychiatry, 58, 1015–1024.
Cornelis M. C., El-Sohemy A., Kabagambe E. K., Campos H. (2006): Coffee, CYP1A2 genotype, and risk of myocardial infarction, JAMA, 10, 1135–1141.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2007 Medical Journal of the Rzeszow University

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Our open access policy is in accordance with the Budapest Open Access Initiative (BOAI) definition: this means that articles have free availability on the public Internet, permitting any users to read, download, copy, distribute, print, search, or link to the full texts of these articles, crawl them for indexing, pass them as data to software, or use them for any other lawful purpose, without financial, legal, or technical barriers other than those inseparable from having access to the Internet itself.
All articles are published with free open access under the CC-BY Creative Commons attribution license (the current version is CC-BY, version 4.0). If you submit your paper for publication by the Eur J Clin Exp Med, you agree to have the CC-BY license applied to your work. Under this Open Access license, you, as the author, agree that anyone may download and read the paper for free. In addition, the article may be reused and quoted provided that the original published version is cited. This facilitates freedom in re-use and also ensures that Eur J Clin Exp Med content can be mined without barriers for the research needs.




