Взаємозв’язки української інтелігенції Галичини та Наддніпрянщини у другій половині ХІХ століття

Abstract

The formation of the modern Ukrainian national idea and the liberation movement occurred in the 19th and early 20th centuries. Their emergence and spread took place in the difficult conditions of the division of the Ukrainian population between two empires - the Romanovs and the Habsburgs, which tried by all possible means to prevent the spread of the Ukrainian national consciousness. However, in the second half of the 19th century, a few circles of the Ukrainian intelligentsia in Transdnieper Ukraine and Galicia established relations with each other and developed active cultural and educational activities among the Ukrainian population of the two empires. Due to the repression and persecution of Ukrainians in Russia, the centre of social and cultural life and the formation of national programs moved to Galicia, where after the constitutional reforms in Austria in the 1860s opportunities for legal social and political activity have developed. The result of the cooperation and interaction between the intelligentsia of Naddnipryanshchyna and Halychyna in the second half of the 19th century was the founding or strengthening of Ukrainian public cultural-educational organisations (the Shevchenko Society) and numerous periodicals (“Dilo”, “Pravda”, “Zorya” etc.) in the Galician province of Austria-Hungary, which played a leading role in the elevation of the Ukrainian national movement.