Navigation preparation of unmanned aircraft systems for the operational activities of volunteer fire services – selected examples

Abstract

In the years 2021–2022, a research team gathered at the OSP Niegoszowice unit (Małopolskie Voivodeship) conducted scientific research and tests related to the use of unmanned aerial vehicle systems in operational activities (exercises): fire services (state and voluntary units), police units, during search and rescue operations, disaster or crisis situations related to the protection of sensitive infrastructure at the airport. During this time, over 500 test flights were performed with multirotor aircraft from various manufacturers (including Autel Evo II Pro 6k, Autel Evo II 8k, DJI Mavic II Dual Enterprise, DJI Matrice 300, Yuneec H520). The analyzes and research carried out so far have shown that it is necessary to develop a mobile system for the implementation of a photogrammetric raid of vast areas using unmanned aerial vehicles, a system for creating orthophotos and data transmission using unmanned systems that perform automatic flights and operate systemically in a set of vehicles enabling take-off and landing on moving platforms. The system should enable battery charging or replacement, thus ensuring continuous operation, data transmission and archiving, and task management. It is necessary to implement satellite techniques and technologies (GNSS), geographic information systems (GIS) about terrain, numerical terrain models, to develop a database necessary for the construction of artificial (ANN) or simulated (SNN) neural networks enabling detection and detection (fires, people, objects). There are important properties and properties of unmanned systems, determining their use in Voluntary Fire Service, State Fire Service, police and airport services units.