Sylwetki oraz działalność artystyczna wychowanków lwowskich ośrodków muzycznych na terenie Krakowa po II wojnie światowej

Abstrakt

During the Galician autonomy, Lviv, a city with a multicultural tradition, was not only the centre of “national” authority, but also, next to Cracow, a leading cultural centre. This continued throughout the interwar period until 1939. Already in 1900, about 50 music schools were registered in this city with a population of 200,000. There were also institutions such as: philharmonic, opera, theatre, musical societies, choirs and orchestras. Home music making, literary and artistic evenings and private concerts were also a tradition.

The main role in the education of Lviv was played by the Music Conservatory, established in 1853, which is the oldest music academy in Galicia, where lectures were given in Polish. The directors of this institution were: K. Mikuli (student of F. Chopin), R. Schwarz, M. Sołtys, and then his son – Adam. The conservatory educated at four levels and made it possible to obtain a professional musician’s diploma. Another important institution was the Lviv Music Institute, renamed in 1931 to the Lviv Music Conservatory. K. Szymanowski. World-class teachers were employed here, which resulted in a high level of education. The Higher Music Institute in Lviv, named after Mykola Lysenko, also played a significant role. This was one of the main Ukrainian musical institutions in Galicia.

Among the Polish music schools operating at the beginning of the 20th century in Lviv, the Sabina Kasparkówna Music School and the Malwina Reyssówna Music Centre should be mentioned. Since 1912, an important role was also played by the Department of Musicology at the University of Jan Kazimierz in Lviv, founded by A. Chybiński. With the outbreak of World War II, the Soviet occupation authorities created one common institution – the Lviv State Conservatory named after Mykola Lysenko. Many teachers and graduates of pre-war music schools in Lviv found refuge in Cracow. The following people should be mentioned here: Stefania Łobaczewska – musicologist, professor at the PWSM and Jagiellonian University in Cracow, Aleksander Frączkiewicz – music theorist, musicologist, lecturer at the PWSM; Roman Palester – composer; Zdzisław Jachimecki – music historian; Irena Sijałowa-Vogel – pianist; Jerzy Broszkiewicz – musician and writer. The Lviv Music Institute graduated from the composer – Krystyna Moszumańska-Nazar, who is the rector and Honoris Causa Doctor of the Academy of Music in Cracow, and also appreciated teacher and founder of the composers’ school. The graduates of Lviv schools include: Tadeusz Machel, Jerzy Habela, Michał Woźny and Wanda Szajnowska (who turned 111 on February 12, 2022!). The students of Lviv music schools have made a unique contribution to Polish culture, science and historical heritage in Poland and around the world.