Przegląd badań nad dżdżownicami w Lancashire
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15584/pjsd.2026.30.1.2Słowa kluczowe:
zachowanie, ochrona, usługi ekosystemowe, interakcje, regeneracja glebyAbstrakt
Badania nad dżdżownicami rozpoczęły się na Uniwersytecie Central Lancashire w 1994 roku. Początkowo koncentrowały się na badaniach cyklu życiowego gatunków brytyjskich oraz na wykorzystaniu ich w programach rekultywacji gleby, co stanowiło działania długoterminowe. Zainteresowanie budziły interakcje międzygatunkowe, a także wykorzystanie różnych materiałów organicznych jako źródła pożywienia. Współpraca z Finlandią, Polską i Stanami Zjednoczonymi doprowadziła do badań odpowiednio w borealnych agroekosystemach, lasach górskich i systemach upraw. Dżdżownica Lumbricus terrestris była często gatunkiem kluczowym, a świadczenia usług ekosystemowych, jej zachowanie – gody, żerowanie, budowę kanałów i osiedlanie się – badano za pomocą nowatorskiego wykorzystania rejestracji wizualnej. Badania terenowe były wspierane eksperymentami laboratoryjnymi, a możliwość utrzymania kultur gatunków glebowych (endogeicznych i anektycznych) była kluczowym elementem rozwoju badań. Odkrycie, że duże gatunki mogą być utrzymywane i rozmnażane w małych naczyniach hodowlanych, stanowiło ważny przełom. Umożliwiło to zebranie szczegółowej wiedzy o okazach pod względem pochodzenia, wieku i statusu reprodukcyjnego, co wykorzystano w szeregu badań, w tym w analizie DNA związanej z kojarzeniem gatunków. W międzyczasie nawiązano dalszą współpracę w terenie, w szczególności z Forest Research UK, gdzie badano interakcje dżdżownic z drzewami w różnych kontekstach. Inne długoterminowe systemy monitoringu utworzono na lotnisku w Manchesterze i w Down House w hrabstwie Kent, a wiele projektów zrealizowano w Szkocji, na zrekultywowanych terenach przemysłowych lub na wyspie Rum. Dalsze prace laboratoryjne doprowadziły do opracowania metody znakowania dżdżownic, a także zbadano interakcje dżdżownic z grzybami leśnymi. Prace ekotoksykologiczne dotyczyły również potencjalnej szkodliwości nanocząsteczek srebra w glebie. W tym czasie poszukiwano rozwiązań praktycznych problemów badawczych, rozwijając takie koncepcje, jak jednostki inokulacji dżdżownic i poliuretanowe odlewy ich korytarzy i nor. W tym okresie ukończono 20 doktoratów i opublikowano ponad 150 recenzowanych artykułów. Ochrona dżdżownic jest obecnie przedmiotem badań poprzez hodowlę gatunków z czerwonej listy i badanie możliwości przechowywania ich kokonów w „zamrożonych kapsułach”. Po kilku zmianach nazw wydziału, Earthworm Research Group pracuje obecnie na Wydziale Inżynierii Ekologicznej Uniwersytetu Lancashire.
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Bibliografia
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Butt K.R., Nieminen M. A., Sirén T., Ketoja E., Nuutinen V. (2005). Population and behavioural level responses of arable soil earthworms to boardmill sludge application. Biology and Fertility of Soils. 42. 163-167.
Butt K.R., Nuutinen V. (2005). The Dawn of the Dew worm. Biologist. 52. 218-223.
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Kostecka J., Butt K.R. (2015). Field and laboratory studies of the earthworm Dendrobaena alpina (Rosa, 1884). Journal of Ecological Engineering. 16. 213-217.
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Phillips H.R.P., Hoeffner K., Muys B., Le Bayon R-C., Cluzeau D., Butt K.R., Maréchal J., Briones M.J.I., Decaëns,T., Hedde M., Gérard S., Pérès G., Petit Dit-Grezeriat L., Pelosi C. (2025). Urban earthworm communities driven more by climate and elevation than urbanisation intensity. Urban Ecosystems. 28. 210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11252-025-01826-z
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Rajapaksha N.S.S., Butt K.R., Vanguelova E., Moffat A.J. (2013b). Earthworm selection of Short Rotation Forestry leaf litter through preference testing and direct observation. Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 67. 12-19.
Simon B., Dekemati I., Ibrahim H.T.M., Modiba M.M., Birkás M., Grósz J., Kulhanek M., Neugschwandtner R., Hage-Ahmed K., Butt K.R., Euteneuer P. (2025). Impact of tillage practices and soil texture on soil health and earthworms in the Pannonian region: A comparative study from Austria and Hungary. Applied Soil Ecology. 206. 105863.
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Prawa autorskie (c) 2026 Polish Journal for Sustainable Development

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