Macroeconomic determinants of international development of Poland, Moldova and Ukraine in 2011–2021

Abstract

Macroeconomic indicators allow for a broad analysis of the reality under study. Even a general and rudimentary study can provide a lot of valuable conclusions to build up a picture of a given economy. Such analysis is particularly important in the perspective of international cooperation. Comparing the economic situation of countries that have the potential to cooperate makes it possible to see the commonalities that can strengthen ties, but also the differences that can harm this coexistence. Particularly in times of transnational crises such as the Covid 19 pandemic and the war in Ukraine, the identification of economic strengths and weaknesses is crucial for further development. Awareness of opportunities and threats will allow strategies to be developed and directions to be taken. Pandemic lockdowns have left strong marks on the economy. Disrupted supply chains, layoffs and other restrictions have strongly changed the global economic situation. Subsequently, the armed conflict meant that sanctions imposed on the aggressors contributed to a further economic downturn also in the other countries not directly involved. Many countries faced dynamic economic changes. This paper will present the macroeconomic situation of Poland, Ukraine and Moldova during periods of change related to the pandemic and the armed conflict, which already began in 2014. Such an analysis will allow noticing analogies in the studied economies and will be a starting point for further analyses. It will be possible to note points of commonality but also those that represent differences.