Factors differentiating human capital development on the example of educational achievements of secondary school students

Abstract

The quality of education is a very important factor, which translates into the quality of human capital. Global scientific reports indicate that the level of social development affects the level of human capital in society. Social inequalities constitute another problem in the spatial differentiation of human capital. Thus, measures aimed at improving the quality of human capital should take into account the two above-mentioned aspects: on the one hand, the desire to improve the quality of human capital in society; on the other hand, eliminating social inequalities. The aim of this study was to find the factors that differentiate the quality of human capital, shaped by the educational system. This goal was verified by the hypothesis that the quality of education is determined by the level of social development. This hypothesis has been confirmed. It has been found that there are statistically significant differences in the measures of the quality of education between the extreme classes of social development. The higher level of social development occurs in districts belonging to large cities or directly adjacent to them. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct further studies aimed at an in-depth explanation of these differences. This study, however, clearly indicates that the quality of education is lower in areas outside large agglomerations. These correlations should encourage a long-term course of action leading to the improvement of the quality of education in districts with lower levels of human development. The proper practical solution is to allocate more financial resources for remedial classes for young people and to develop a system motivating young people to acquire knowledge.