Problems and challenges in forecasting electricity production from RES in Poland in the context of contemporary crises

Abstract

The country’s energy security is one of the components of national security. Currently it has become a source of special interest. The use of renewable energy sources (RES) is one of the measures contributing to the increase in energy security. The aim of the article is to attempt to answer the question whether, on the basis of publicly available data from the CSO, we can effectively predict the
development of energy production from renewable carriers.
The goal was achieved in two stages. In the first one, forecasts of selected features characterizing the production of electricity from RES for the period 2021–2023 were made, based on data from 2000–2018, and, in the second, the original data was supplemented with the period 2019–2020. Holt’s exponential smoothing method and the medium-term rate of change method were used as research tools. The obtained results were compared.
In the course of the study, both hypotheses were positively verified: Polish voivodeships are characterized by dynamic changes in the diversification of energy production from RES, which translates into a significant variability of positions occupied in the rankings for selected features characterizing them. Dynamic changes in the production of electricity from RES mean that the preparation of forecasts of this phenomenon should be considered cognitive. The obtained results made it possible to assess the quality and effectiveness of forecasts prepared on the basis of dynamically changing statistical information. The calculations were made in the Statistica program. The source of the data was the Local Data Bank.