Pension exclusion in Poland – conceptualization, operationalization and measurement attempt

Abstract

The study addresses the problem of exclusion from the base part of the Polish pension system. Authors posed three research questions: 1) On what levels can the phenomenon of pension exclusion be considered? 2) What indicators are suitable for measuring pension exclusion? 3) What is the scale of pension exclusion in Poland? With reference to the research questions, the following objectives were defined: conceptualization of the idea of pension exclusion, formulation of proposals for measures of pension exclusion and estimation of the scale of pension exclusion in the Polish pension system. In the course of research of a theoretical and conceptual nature, a comprehensive consideration of the essence of pension exclusion was carried out and a proposal for three groups of indicators of this phenomenon was put forward. These are indicators of universality, deprivation and accumulation needs. As part of the empirical research, the proposed indicators were used to measure the scale of pension exclusion from the base part of the universal pension system in Poland.