Schools for special education in the Polish territories in the nineteenth and the early twentieth century (with special emphasis on the Austrian partition)

Abstract

The aim of the article was to show the conditions that in the nineteenth century contributed to the creation of the first special schools for children with disabilities and requiring special care. This took place in the Polish lands at the time of the partitions. The main attention was paid to activities in this field, taken under Austrian rule. To illustrate the theme used in the scientific literature relating to specific issues that make up the title research problem. The system of special education consisted at that time the following types of schools: for the deaf, blind, mentally retarded and demoralized. They were subsequently discussed. In addition, special education in the Polish lands have been confronted with similar schools operating in different European countries.